自然，除了屋頂和外墻，光伏還可以用于許多其他地方:陽(yáng)臺(tái)、遮陽(yáng)系統(tǒng)、花園桌子……甚至街道。這完全取決于你的想象！

The sun is an endless source of energy, with an output power of about 1,000 watts per square meter.  The value of this power is instantaneous, and by definition, the energy obtained is its power times time.  As a result, approximately 1,000 to 2,000 hours of equivalent total sunshine are received each year, with 1,000 to 2,000 KWH per square meter (depending on location).  That's equivalent to one barrel of oil (159 liters), which contains about 1,700 kilowatt-hours of energy.  One square metre of land can bring in the equivalent of a barrel of oil every year - that's a lot of money!  How much energy do we consume every year?  Driving 15000 km requires about 900 litres of fuel (for cars burning 6L / 100km) or 5 to 10 square metres of pv panels for an electric car!  Moderately insulated homes require 100-150 KWH/m2 of energy for heating/cooling and power.  If the sun's energy could be captured with 100 percent efficiency, it would be easy to calculate that 10-15 square meters of solar panels would be enough to meet the entire energy needs of a home.  

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There are actually multiple possibilities for capturing and utilizing solar energy, which would make many houses energy producers and virtually independent of other external sources of energy.   A properly insulated house is of course a prerequisite.  

Photovoltaics are often chosen for their ease of use and installation.  Photovoltaic panels can be added to existing roofs (also known as building plus PHOTOVOLTAIC building attached PV) or can be more elegantly integrated into roofs or facades (also known as building with integrated PV).  Suitable for almost any type of building, the numerous solutions that exist today also allow electricity to be produced at a very low cost!  

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Solar photovoltaic technology imitating the effect of stone curtain wall  

Many successful BIPV projects have been completed using crystalline silicon modules, colored solar cells, uniform black appearance, or thin films in projects to create more pleasing results.   Many research institutions and industries are collaborating to design new products and solutions to manufacture a new generation of photovoltaic products that will change the way people look at and think about solar panel integration in buildings.  In fact, in the past few years, some striking new examples have emerged, including the possibility of creating white modules or color rendering, such as the products used in traditional rooftops, and the integration of high-resolution images for more aesthetic applications.  In theory, every architectural element has unlimited potential to become a potential power source.  

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The most mature technology being developed today for roofing applications is modules designed specifically for sensitive areas of the building (Figure 1).  In addition to electrical production capacity, the module also provides high mechanical strength in accordance with building codes for building materials.   The module's elongated rectangles have a large tile appearance that can be integrated into the roofs of sensitive urban areas common in European heritage.  Integrated pv building facades are particularly valuable in high-density urban centers, where the area ratio of facades to roofs increases with the height of the building.   For facade applications, several coloring techniques and different types of substrates were developed to change the visual appearance of standard PV modules.  These examples show how solar panels can be incorporated into the building, while maintaining elegance and respect for the historic heritage.  

The picture  

Picture 1, in Neuchatel.  A)" House of associations ", 2015 Swiss Solar Prize Renovation Category (sources: Heinstein, EPFL and CSEM).  B) The traditional farm in Ekuvylens, Fribourg, with solar-Terra modules (source: CSEM) produced by Isol, and C) The coloured active facade produced by Isol for Arch of United Architecture (Norway).  White solar facades made by Solar Energy in Buderi.  

Naturally, pv can be used in many other places besides roofs and facades: balconies, shading systems, garden tables...  Even the streets.  It all depends on your imagination!