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光伏電站有哪些驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

返回列表 來(lái)源：勝銘新能源光伏 2023-11-27 15:25 發(fā)表于江蘇發(fā)布日期： 2023.12.30 瀏覽次數(shù)：

光伏電站之

驗(yàn)收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

支架安裝驗(yàn)收

1.采用緊固件的支架，緊固點(diǎn)應(yīng)牢固，不應(yīng)有彈墊未壓平等現(xiàn)象。

2.支架傾斜角度偏差不應(yīng)大于士1°。

3.支架安裝的垂直度及水平度的偏差應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《光伏電站施工規(guī)范》的有關(guān)規(guī)定。

4.支架的防腐處理應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。

光伏組件驗(yàn)收

1. 光伏組件的外觀(guān)及接線(xiàn)盒、連接器應(yīng)完好無(wú)損，無(wú)劃傷及隱裂現(xiàn)象。

2.光伏組件間接插件連接應(yīng)牢固，連接線(xiàn)應(yīng)進(jìn)行處理、整齊、美觀(guān)。

3.方陣的絕緣電阻應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求

4.光伏組件進(jìn)行串連接后應(yīng)對(duì)光伏組串的開(kāi)路電壓和短路電流進(jìn)行測(cè)試。

5.光伏組件安裝傾斜角度偏差不大于士1°。

6.相鄰光伏組件邊緣高差小于等于2mm，同組光伏組件邊緣高差小于等于5mm。

7、布線(xiàn)的驗(yàn)收應(yīng)符合下列要求:

1)光伏組件串、并聯(lián)方式應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。

2)光伏組件串標(biāo)識(shí)應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。

3)光伏組件串開(kāi)路電壓和短路電流應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《光伏電站施工規(guī)范》GB50794的有關(guān)規(guī)定。

電纜安裝的驗(yàn)收

1.直流電纜的規(guī)格應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求，標(biāo)示牌應(yīng)裝設(shè)齊全、正確、清晰。

2.直流電纜的固定、彎曲半徑、有關(guān)距離應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。

3.直流電纜線(xiàn)路所有接地的接點(diǎn)與接地極應(yīng)接觸良好，接地電阻值應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。

4.防火措施應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。

5.交流電纜安裝的驗(yàn)收應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《電氣裝置安裝工程電纜線(xiàn)路施工及驗(yàn)收規(guī)范》的有關(guān)規(guī)定。

逆變器設(shè)備的驗(yàn)收

1.逆變器的交流側(cè)接口處應(yīng)牢固可靠。

2.逆變器與基礎(chǔ)間連接應(yīng)牢固可靠

3.變壓器和互感器的安裝驗(yàn)收應(yīng)符合國(guó)家現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《電氣裝置安裝工程電力變壓器、油浸電抗器互感器施工及規(guī)范驗(yàn)收》的有關(guān)規(guī)定。

4.匯流箱標(biāo)識(shí)應(yīng)產(chǎn)全，箱體與支架連接應(yīng)牢固。

5.逆變器外觀(guān)及主要零部件不應(yīng)有損壞和受潮現(xiàn)象元器件不應(yīng)有松動(dòng)或丟失。

6.逆變器的標(biāo)簽內(nèi)容應(yīng)符合要求，應(yīng)標(biāo)明負(fù)載的連接點(diǎn)和極性。

防雷接地安裝的驗(yàn)收

1.光伏發(fā)電站防雷系統(tǒng)的施工應(yīng)按照設(shè)計(jì)文件的要求進(jìn)行。

2.地面光伏系統(tǒng)的金屬支架應(yīng)與主接地網(wǎng)可靠連接；光伏組件應(yīng)將邊框可靠接地。

3.匯流箱及逆變器等電器設(shè)備的接地應(yīng)牢固可靠、導(dǎo)通良好，金屬盤(pán)門(mén)應(yīng)用裸銅軟導(dǎo)線(xiàn)與金屬構(gòu)架或接地排可靠接地。

4.光伏發(fā)電站的各接地點(diǎn)接地電阻阻值應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)要求。

細(xì)致驗(yàn)收可分為：

1、防雷分類(lèi)問(wèn)題

建筑物應(yīng)根據(jù)其重要性、使用性質(zhì)、發(fā)生雷電事故的可能性和后果，按防雷的要求分為一、二、三類(lèi)防雷建筑物。

2、接閃器和引下線(xiàn)的問(wèn)題

接閃器在一般情況下多數(shù)采用避雷針、避雷網(wǎng)、避雷帶。有時(shí)在大面積需要保護(hù)情況下，可以采用避雷線(xiàn)保護(hù)。在搞環(huán)境防雷時(shí)，可以采用CA－A3防雷器或法國(guó)提前放雷避雷針保護(hù)。

3、地極及地極接地沖擊電阻的問(wèn)題

如果建筑物的防雷地極是獨(dú)立地極的話(huà)，一般要離開(kāi)建筑物基礎(chǔ)的地中距離3M以遠(yuǎn)；如果是通信用的獨(dú)立地極的話(huà)，則要求離開(kāi)建筑物20M以遠(yuǎn)，并要求接地電阻〈4歐。

除去一類(lèi)防雷建筑物屬于0區(qū)和1區(qū)，用獨(dú)立避雷針、獨(dú)立地極保護(hù)外，其余類(lèi)別一般情況下，都采用合設(shè)地極的方式，尤其是框架結(jié)構(gòu)的建筑物更應(yīng)采用本身基礎(chǔ)作合設(shè)地極使用。

4、均壓環(huán)的設(shè)計(jì)和施工問(wèn)題

均壓環(huán)是一條閉合的藏在建筑物外墻內(nèi)的水平避雷帶。它一方面與外墻所有的引下線(xiàn)焊接相連，另一方面又與外墻上所有金屬門(mén)、窗、玻璃幕墻相通，將它們所接閃到的雷電流通過(guò)均壓環(huán)、引下線(xiàn)的作用，將雷電流引入大地匯放。

5、電子設(shè)備的等電位處理問(wèn)題

等電位處理就是用金屬導(dǎo)體把設(shè)備的金屬外殼與接地的匯流排連接起來(lái)。等電位處理的目的就是消除電位差，因此，所有引入室內(nèi)的金屬管道、電纜屏蔽層在各個(gè)不同的防雷區(qū)間之間均應(yīng)作等到電位處理。

另外，室外凡互相跨越或平行敷設(shè)的金屬管道，如果其間距少于100MM規(guī)定的間距，也應(yīng)用金屬線(xiàn)互相跨接起來(lái)，采取等電位的處理方法避免反擊。室內(nèi)電子設(shè)備的等到電位的連接方式應(yīng)采用一點(diǎn)式方法接地，而不應(yīng)互相串聯(lián)連接接地，以免引起干擾現(xiàn)象。

6、設(shè)備屏蔽的處理問(wèn)題

屏蔽的作用是防止雷電感應(yīng)對(duì)電子設(shè)備和干擾，根據(jù)不同的對(duì)象，屏蔽分有房屋屏蔽、管線(xiàn)屏蔽和設(shè)備屏蔽三種。屏蔽的效果與材料的導(dǎo)磁率有關(guān)，與材料的厚度尺寸有關(guān)；與網(wǎng)孔的大小尺寸有關(guān)。網(wǎng)孔越少，材料越厚，材料的導(dǎo)磁率越好則屏蔽的效果越好。

7、線(xiàn)纜的敷設(shè)問(wèn)題

線(xiàn)纜最好采用埋地套鐵管的方式敷設(shè)。纜井應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)在建筑物的幾何中心。室內(nèi)的線(xiàn)纜布置應(yīng)避開(kāi)外墻、梁柱等雷電流集中流過(guò)的地方，以免對(duì)線(xiàn)纜產(chǎn)生大的干擾現(xiàn)象。同理，電子設(shè)備的放置問(wèn)題，也應(yīng)離開(kāi)外墻、梁柱有一定的安全距離。

8、供電形式

供電的形式最好采用TN－S系統(tǒng)。供電線(xiàn)路最好埋地套鐵管引入。N線(xiàn)、PE線(xiàn)重復(fù)接地引出，電源裝電源避雷器。

9、各種信號(hào)線(xiàn)裝信號(hào)避雷器問(wèn)題

對(duì)信號(hào)避雷器的選擇的要求是工作頻率適合、傳輸功率大，插入損耗低、驗(yàn)波系數(shù)少，雷電通流量大，響應(yīng)時(shí)間快，殘壓低的信號(hào)避雷器。同時(shí)避雷器應(yīng)有良好的接地。

Support installation acceptance

1. When using a bracket with fasteners, the fastening points should be firm and there should be no uneven compression of the spring washer.

2. The tilt angle deviation of the bracket should not exceed ± 1 °

3. The deviation of the verticality and levelness of the bracket installation should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Construction Specification for Photovoltaic Power Stations".

4. The anti-corrosion treatment of the bracket should meet the design requirements.

Photovoltaic module acceptance

1. The appearance, junction box, and connectors of photovoltaic modules should be intact, without scratches or hidden cracks.

2. The indirect plug-in connection of photovoltaic modules should be firm, and the connecting wires should be processed, neat, and aesthetically pleasing.

3. The insulation resistance of the square array should meet the design requirements

4. After the photovoltaic modules are connected in series, the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the photovoltaic string should be tested.

5. The inclination angle deviation of photovoltaic module installation shall not exceed ± 1 °.

6. The height difference at the edges of adjacent photovoltaic modules is less than or equal to 2mm, and the height difference at the edges of photovoltaic modules in the same group is less than or equal to 5mm.

7. The acceptance of wiring should meet the following requirements:

1) The series and parallel connection of photovoltaic modules should meet the design requirements.

2) The serial identification of photovoltaic modules should meet the design requirements.

3) The open circuit voltage and short circuit current of photovoltaic module strings should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Construction Code for Photovoltaic Power Stations" GB50794.

Acceptance of cable installation

1. The specifications of DC cables should meet the design requirements, and the signage should be installed completely, correctly, and clearly.

2. The fixation, bending radius, and relevant distance of DC cables should meet the design requirements.

3. All grounding contacts and grounding electrodes of DC cable lines should have good contact, and the grounding resistance value should meet the design requirements.

4. Fire prevention measures should meet the design requirements.

5. The acceptance of communication cable installation should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Cable Lines in Electrical Equipment Installation Engineering".

Acceptance of inverter equipment

1. The AC side interface of the inverter should be firm and reliable.

2. The connection between the inverter and the foundation should be firm and reliable

3. The installation and acceptance of transformers and transformers shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Construction and Specification Acceptance of Power Transformers and Oil Immersed Reactors in Electrical Equipment Installation Engineering".

4. The identification of the junction box should be complete, and the connection between the box and the bracket should be firm.

5. The appearance and main components of the inverter should not be damaged or damp, and the components should not be loose or lost.

6.The label content of the inverter should meet the requirements and indicate the connection point and polarity of the load.

Acceptance of lightning protection grounding installation

1.The construction of the lightning protection system for photovoltaic power plants should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the design documents.

2. The metal bracket of the ground photovoltaic system should be reliably connected to the main grounding grid; The photovoltaic modules should have their frames reliably grounded.