問 題
“有一臺(tái)1000kVA的老式變壓器,現(xiàn)有負(fù)荷約200kW,如果要增加約600kW的新負(fù)載,這臺(tái)變壓器能否承受?”
kVA(千伏安)是視在功率的單位,kW(千瓦)則是有功功率的單位。除了視在功率和有功功率以外,還有無功功率,無功功率的單位是kvar(千乏)。
比如日常大家所交的電費(fèi),交的就是有功電量;
比如某個(gè)用電設(shè)備里面有電容/線圈,那這個(gè)設(shè)備在工作的時(shí)候,電容/線圈就會(huì)一直處于充電放電狀態(tài)。因?yàn)殡娙?線圈一直充電放電,并沒有真正消耗電,所以把這一部分功率叫無功功率。
電源(一般都是指變壓器或者發(fā)電機(jī))它除了要給用電設(shè)備提供有功功率以外,還需要提供無功功率。原因很簡單,用電設(shè)備里面的電容雖然不耗電,但是它一直在充電放電,所以也需要占用電源一部分容量。
如果按1度電1塊錢,在功率因數(shù)0.6時(shí),該變壓器可以產(chǎn)生600塊/小時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益;當(dāng)功率因數(shù)達(dá)到0.9時(shí),該變壓器卻可以產(chǎn)生900塊/小時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。其實(shí)提高功率因數(shù)的作用遠(yuǎn)不止這么簡單,還有很多,這里就不多說了。
注意:電力公司要求功率因數(shù)必須0.9以上,不然會(huì)有處罰;但是功率因數(shù)不能超過1,否則系統(tǒng)電壓會(huì)升高,影響系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行。
所以,1000kVA的變壓器原來給200kW的用電設(shè)備供電,現(xiàn)在又加了600kW的用電設(shè)備,只要我們能把功率因數(shù)提高到需要的數(shù)值,變壓器完全能夠長期安全運(yùn)行。
(文章來源:電力合伙人)
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With the above foundation, it will be easy to explain this question. The capacity unit of a transformer is kVA (kilovolt ampere), while the power unit of electrical equipment is kW (kilowatt). The difference between the two is that when calculating the equipment power kW, the power factor needs to be multiplied. That is to say, a transformer with a capacity of 1000kVA can only output 1000kW of power at full load when the power factor is 1, but it is basically impossible in practical applications. When designing, it is necessary to leave a certain margin, usually calculated based on a 90% compliance rate, which is more economical and reasonable, that is, 1000 × 0.9=900kVA. If we compensate the power factor to 0.95 or above through power compensation, then the transformer can output 900 × 0.95=855kW active power. Attention: The power company requires that the power factor must be above 0.9, otherwise there will be penalties; But the power factor cannot exceed 1, otherwise the system voltage will rise, affecting the normal operation of the system. The title states that a 1000kVA transformer originally supplied power to 200kW of electrical equipment, and now an additional 600kW of electrical equipment has been added. The total active power of the electrical equipment has reached 800kW, which still does not exceed the calculated value. So, a 1000kVA transformer originally supplied power to 200kW electrical equipment, and now an additional 600kW electrical equipment has been added. As long as we can increase the power factor to the required value, the transformer can operate safely for a long time. The copyright of this article belongs to the original author. If there is any infringement, please contact us for deletion全國服務(wù)熱線
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